Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and Distinctions within Species
Both the vast and subtle differences that distinguish the mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes from one another, although extensive, still appear to be of the comparable nature as those which separate a mouse from an elephant or a finch from a grouse. But the vertebrate animals and the insects are so radically distinct in their whole organization and in the very design of their bodily structure, that dissidents may not unreasonably doubt whether they can all have been descended from a single common ascendant by means of the very same laws that explain the specialization of the varying species of birds or of reptiles.
Prior to Darwin, the vast majority of natural scientists held firmly to the theory that species were realities, and had not been descended from other species by any process accessible to us. There was, then, no interrogation relating to the origin of families, orders, and classes, because the “origin of species” was believed to be an unresolvable problem. This now has all changed. The entire scientific and literary world accepts, as a thing of commonplace knowledge, the origin of species from other allied species by the commonplace process of natural birth.
What we may expect a true theory will endow us to embrace and follow out in some detail those changes in the form, structure, and relations of animals and plants that are changed in short periods of time, geologically speaking, and which are now going on around us. We may expect it to explain adequately most of the small-scale and superficial differences which identify one species from another. And, in conclusion, we might ask that it describe many difficulties and to harmonize many incongruities in the excessively complex affinities and relations of living things. All this the Darwinian Theory undoubtedly does. It shows that new species are needfully produced, while the old species become extinct. Evolution theory also enables us to understand how the incessant processes of these laws during the long periods is calculated to bring about those greater differences demonstrated by the distinct genera, families, and orders into which all living things are classified by natural scientists.
To depart for a minute from this very serious issue, I will point you to some superb evolution humor that has appeared in the last several years. Much needed comic relief in the evolution-creationism debate.
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